PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS OF ANXIETY DISORDERS IN THE CLINICAL-PSYCHOLOGICAL CONTEXT

Abstract

The article presents a comprehensive theoretical analysis of the psychophysiological mechanisms underlying anxiety disorders within the context of contemporary clinical psychology, taking into account interdisciplinary approaches. It examines current concepts regarding the neurobiological, autonomic, and neuroendocrine processes underlying the development and maintenance of anxiety disorders, particularly the functioning of the central nervous system and the mechanisms of cortical hyperexcitability. The role of the autonomic nervous system in the onset of anxiety states is analyzed, with emphasis on the phenomenon of sympathetic hyperactivation, decreased parasympathetic activity, and disruption of autonomic balance. The significance of heart rate variability as an objective, comprehensive psychophysiological indicator of anxiety levels and the body’s adaptive capabilities is highlighted. Special attention is given to the neuroendocrine mechanisms of anxiety disorders, particularly dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, disturbances in the circadian rhythm of cortisol secretion, and their connection to chronic stress. Modern clinical-psychological approaches to the diagnosis of anxiety disorders are examined, including the use of psychometric instruments, questionnaires, and psychophysiological markers. The effectiveness of psychological intervention methods, particularly cognitivebehavioral therapy, biofeedback, and self-regulation techniques, is analyzed from the perspective of their impact on indicators of autonomic and neuroendocrine regulation. It has been established that the integration of psychophysiological methods into clinical-psychological practice improves diagnostic accuracy, allows for the objectification of mental states, and contributes to the increased effectiveness of therapeutic interventions. An integrative model of psychophysiological management of anxiety disorders is proposed, which combines objective physiological indicators with subjective clinical and psychological characteristics.