Social and Practical Psychology Journal

SOCIAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS OF EMOTIONAL BURNOUT AMONG BANK EMPLOYEES: THEORETICAL ANALYSIS AND PRACTICAL GUIDELINES

Valentyn Kalitsynskyi — Fri, 27 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0300

The article presents a comprehensive theoretical analysis of the socio-psychological factors influencing the development of emotional burnout among employees of banking institutions. The relevance of the topic is due to the current socio-economic conditions, the increased workload of employees in the banking sector, the frequent changes in the regulatory framework and the emotional tension accompanying professional activities during the period of military operations. The author summarises scientific approaches to the classification of emotional burnout factors and identifies three main groups among them: individual psychological factors, environmental factors and internal organisational factors of the professional environment. Individual psychological factors include selfesteem, stress resistance, adaptability, self-actualisation, perfectionism, anxiety, aggressiveness, level of emotional intelligence, empathy and resilience. External factors include the level of uncertainty, the economic crisis and the impact of military operations. Internal organisational factors of the professional environment are related to the manager’s leadership style, the level of corporate culture, the motivation system and the level of remuneration, interpersonal conflicts and the social and psychological climate in the team. The study pays particular attention to individual psychological factors that are key determinants of the emotional state of bank employees. They influence the emotional stability of the employee. It is these characteristics that determine a person’s ability to adapt to change, maintain productivity under difficult conditions and interact effectively with customers and colleagues. Understanding the role of individual characteristics makes it possible not only to predict the risks of burnout, but also to formulate personalised psychological support strategies for employees. The article also reveals the specifics of the impact of each factor on the emotional state of bank employees, providing examples from practical experience and the results of modern research. As a result of the theoretical analysis, the article substantiates the expediency of conducting an empirical study of the socio-psychological factors of emotional burnout of employees of banking institutions and the development of a programme for its prevention and overcoming by banking professionals. The materials of the article can be used in the practical activities of psychologists, specialists of banking institutions, personnel departments and managers.

PSYCHOLOGICAL MECHANISMS AND FACTORS OF FORMATION OF PERSONALITY RELIGIOUSNESS IN THE FAMILY

Hanna Pyrog — Fri, 27 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0300

The article explores the psychological mechanisms of the formation of individual religiosity in the context of religious socialization in the family as the leading institution of this process. It analyzes the structural, psychological, and behavioral factors of the family environment that influence the development of religious identity among children and adolescents. Three main models of parental religious socialization are examined: unidirectional, bidirectional, and channeling, each reflecting different levels of parent-child interaction in the transmission of religious beliefs. Particular attention is paid to methods of religious upbringing such as behavioral modeling, religious discussions, participation in rituals, and the role of specialized religious institutions. The study also considers types of religious messages transmitted by parents – cultural socialization, egalitarianism, and the promotion of distrust – and their impact on adolescents’ psychosocial functioning. Findings show that family religiosity positively correlates with children’s emotional well-being, reduced deviant behavior, higher self-esteem, and the creation of a healthy social environment. Moreover, it is established that patterns of attachment within the family shape the nature of the individual's spiritual experience. The results highlight the importance of a systemic approach to studying religiosity, where the family plays a central role in shaping the spiritual world of the individual. The study also emphasizes the need to consider both individual characteristics and sociocultural context in the process of religious upbringing.

RECOVERY STRATEGIES OF SOCIAL WORKERS WITH DIFFERENT LEVELS OF PROFESSIONAL BURNOUT

Kseniia Havrylovska — Fri, 27 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0300

Social workers face a high risk of professional burnout. The results of an empirical study (N = 100) indicate that a significant proportion of the surveyed social workers experience substantial levels of professional burnout, with moderate levels observed in 62 % and high levels in 33 % of respondents. A high level of emotional exhaustion is present in one-third of the respondents (33 %), a high level of depersonalization is found in one-fifth (20 %), and a high level of reduced personal accomplishment is evident in 68 %. The most critical situation is observed in the indicators of reduced personal accomplishment, reflecting low self-esteem regarding professional achievements, a sense of inefficacy, and diminished motivation. To enhance resilience and recovery, social workers (according to the BASIC Ph model) predominantly choose strategies C (cognition, thinking) and B (beliefs, values). This indicates a reliance on analysis, logic, and awareness in coping with stress and recovery, with significant importance placed on spirituality and moral values. This tendency may be attributed to the specific nature of their work, which demands analyzing complex situations and making well-considered decisions. Correlation analysis revealed a positive relationship between strategy A (affects, emotions) and depersonalization (r = 0.210; p ≤ 0.05), emotional exhaustion (r = 0.308879; p ≤ 0.01), and, overall, high levels of professional burnout (r = 0.219583; p ≤ 0.05). A high level of emotional exhaustion is also positively correlated with a tendency to choose strategies I (imagination) and Ph (physiology). A predominant use of strategy B (beliefs and values) is associated with a decrease in reduced personal accomplishment among social workers (r = -0.389; p ≤ 0.01), which can be considered a protective factor against professional burnout.

BASIC FUNDAMENTALS OF DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIAL AND EVERYDAY SKILLS IN PRESCHOOL CHILDREN WITH INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES

Tetiana Kalinina, Alla Yatsynik — Fri, 27 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0300

The article is devoted to the theoretical foundations of the formation of social and domestic skills in preschool children with intellectual disabilities. The features of the psychophysical development of such children, the types of social and domestic skills and the specifics of their formation, as well as the problems that children encounter in the learning process are considered. Social and domestic skills include self-service skills (dressing, undressing, eating), personal hygiene skills (bathing and self-care), social skills (interaction with peers and adults), which are basic for everyday life and provide the child with the opportunity to function independently. The formation of social and domestic skills in children with intellectual disabilities occurs with a significant lag and qualitative originality compared to their peers with typical development. It was also found that children with intellectual disabilities have significant difficulties in planning, organizing and controlling their activities in everyday situations. This indicates the possibility of additional special work on the part of parents to develop executive functions and self-regulation skills. An important aspect of the formation of social and everyday skills is the use of an individualized approach that takes into account the characteristics of each child. For high-quality and effective correctional work during the training of social and everyday skills, it is advisable to know the current level of formation of educational and preeducational abilities, both in the dynamics during correction and at its beginning. Attention is paid to the issues of cooperation with parents, their active participation in the educational process, conducting consultations, seminars and trainings for parents contributes to better results in the formation of social and everyday skills in children. The need to use special methods, an individualized approach, support motivation and create favorable conditions for the formation of social and everyday skills in children with intellectual disabilities is considered.

PSYCHOSOCIAL COMPONENTS IMAGE OF A SUCCESSFUL PERSON

Viktor Kyrychenko, Andriy Sardak — Fri, 27 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0300

The article presents the results of a psychosocial study of the semantic structure of the image of a successful person and compares its differences in individuals of adolescent and middle adulthood ages. Our research is aimed at analyzing the social-psychological components of the image of a successful personality, as it has undergone significant changes under the influence of globalization processes. The study involved 87 participants, including 47 young people and 40 individuals of middle age. The methodology of the study was based on the analysis of the psychosocial structure of success-related concepts. We identified the key attributes of a successful person that can be used in the modern world to promote socially significant achievements of an individual. The socio-psychological image of a successful person represents a generalized portrait of an individual who achieves significant results in life and is recognized by society as a role model. Such an image is formed based on a set of internal qualities that are desirable in the process of establishing social interaction. In modern society, success is a multidimensional phenomenon that includes not only personal qualities but also social achievements. The study of representations of a successful person allows for the identification of values that dominate social consciousness. The associative research allows for the reconstruction of the structure of success-related concepts based on the spontaneous responses of the respondents. As a result of comparing the obtained results of the psychosocial structure of the image of a successful person, we can draw the following conclusions. For individuals of early adulthood, success is not a process; an ordinary person can only identify certain attributes of success that have static properties, particularly quantitative ones. Adolescents believe that the image of a successful person consists of separate social-psychological traits that contribute to achieving results (are the key to success). The most prominent traits in the structure of the image of a successful person relate to social cooperation and interpersonal interaction. The study revealed two main approaches to representations of success: a process-oriented approach and a result-oriented approach. Both models coexist in the minds of respondents and may reflect socio-cultural attitudes toward the image of the “successful person”, confirming the existence of differences in worldviews among representatives of different cultural generations.

EMOTIONAL STATES OF MILITARY SERVICEMEN AND THEIR PSYCHODIAGNOSTIC TOOLS (BASED ON THE MATERIAL OF THE ADAPTED CCI-55 METHODOLOGY)

Sergyi Lezhenko — Fri, 27 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0300

The article is devoted to one of the current today’s problems: the identification of emotional states of military personnel who participated in military operations and experienced certain emotional disorders due to traumatic events. It presents a modern understanding of emotional states as complex mental states reflecting in the form of experiencing the significance of the influence of external and internal stimuli. The purpose of the article is to describe the general understanding of the emotional states of military personnel and the CCI-55 methodology adapted by us for diagnosing ineffective defense mechanisms of military personnel. In accordance with the purpose and objectives of the empirical study, we have identified and substantiated the criteria for diagnosing emotional states and negative defense mechanisms as well as the corresponding indicators that specify the criteria and reveal their essence in detail. The following criteria were used: 1) emotional; 2) behavioral; 3) cognitive. The criteria were the names of the modules – summaries of statements – from the CCI-55 questionnaire, which reflect the most stressful situations and strategies with which servicemen can overcome difficulties and cope with stress. Working with these statements, they should assess how often they experience certain feelings and emotions or how often they resort to a certain strategy. The described methodology allows not only to identify ineffective defense mechanisms in servicemen, but also to further destroy and overcome them, eliminating their harm, which prolongs human suffering, and to build psychological rehabilitation programs by using relevant psychotherapeutic and rehabilitation methods, among which the most appropriate, as evidenced by the practice of foreign researchers in overcoming emotional disorders and stress, are process-oriented cognitive-behavioral therapy and dialectical behavioral therapy.

PSYCHOLOGICAL PREREQUISITES FOR THE EFFICIENCY OF GROUP PROBLEM SOLVING

Valentin Moliako, Tetiana Tretiak, Natalia Latysh — Fri, 27 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0300

The relevance of the ability of group participants to creative interaction as an adaptive function is emphasized. The concept of group reflexivity as intragroup interaction aimed at self-analysis is analyzed. The main approaches to the study of group reflexivity are considered, which consist in its interpretation as: a factor of the effectiveness of joint activity; the group’s ability to learn; a set of techniques and methods of group work that allow analyzing common experience and managing organizational knowledge; the metacognitive experience accumulated by the team, the level of collective “mind”. The study of group reflection from the standpoint of the culturalhistorical approach and the theory of symbolic resources is considered promising. An analysis of the differences between the concepts of “collective” and “group” is presented. The results of solving experimental problems by groups with different numbers of participants are considered. It is established that the best results when performing the most complex tasks were obtained in groups with a number of 4–8 people. Three ways of distributing work roles in a group are analyzed, their variants and subvariants are substantiated. The importance of solving the problem of ensuring a favorable psychological climate in the team, eliminating the determinants of conflict situations is emphasized. The dependence of the psychological readiness of the production team to solve the current problem on the level of demands of its participants is discussed. The features of the implementation of choice matrices are considered for the purpose of proper and balanced adjustment, formation and development of interpersonal relationships in the team in order to raise the level of its creative potential. The influence of the use of different forms of coding of work information on the level of mutual understanding in the process of collective creative activity is shown. The differences in the processes of individual and collective solving of creative problems are considered.

EDUCATORS' MENTAL HEALTH IN WARTIME

Nataliia Portnytska, Olha Savychenko, Iryna Tychyna — Fri, 27 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0300

The study is a joint effort of the NGO Smart Osvita, Zhytomyr Ivan Franko State University, and the international organization Americares (with the scientific supervision of Dr. Tara Powell, Associate Professor at the University of Illinois). The results of the study of educators' mental health in the all-Ukrainian context are described in this article. The study used the Mental Health Continuum Short Form (MHC-SF) questionnaire, which is based on a three-dimensional structure of mental health presented in terms of emotional, psychological, and social well-being. The mental health status of Ukrainian teachers was measured in the course of the Psychosocial Support for Educators (PSE) program in February-June 2024. The inclusion criteria for participation in the study were teacher education and work in the education system. The analysis of the data was based on a comparison of mental health indicators of teachers grouped by age, level of education, work experience, representation from different regions of Ukraine, experience of forced displacement, participation in hostilities, and bereavement. It was found that all the studied teachers have a moderate level of emotional and social well-being, as well as a moderate and flourishing levels of psychological well-being. The article describes the tendency of decreasing life satisfaction among Ukrainian teachers with age and the opposite tendency of increasing positive personal functioning with age. It is shown that the state of educators' mental health to some extent depends on the level of education in which they work. A residence region's proximity to the front line affects teachers' life satisfaction It was found that the highest indicators of life satisfaction and positive functioning are among educators who moved abroad and returned to Ukraine.

THE IDENTITY OF THE VICTIM OF AN AUTHORITARIAN CULT (SECT)

Vyacheslav Tashmatov, Victoria Papinyan, Elizaveta Rudenko — Fri, 27 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0300

The article examines the socio-psychological and legal-psychological features of the formation and transformation of the personality of a victim of an authoritarian cult (sect). The relevance of the topic is due to the growing number of destructive cult organizations in modern society and their negative impact on the psyche, will and behavior of individuals. Particular attention is paid to the mechanisms of psychological influence used by cult leaders to subdue the individual, reduce critical thinking and form a total dependence on the cult. Authoritarian cults are usually characterized by the presence of a charismatic leader, a closed hierarchical structure, absolute loyalty to the leadership and isolation from the outside world. Individuals who fall victim to such organizations usually have certain psychological prerequisites: low self-esteem, need for support, inability to build autonomous social ties, trauma or crisis situations. The study analyzes the typical stages of involvement in a cult: initial contact, the stage of «love bombing», gradual change of beliefs due to group pressure and emotional manipulation, and the stage of complete psychological dependence. The legal aspects of protecting the rights of victims of cults are revealed: the problem of recognizing psychological influence as a form of violence, the difficulty of proving coercion and legal insanity due to long-term psychological pressure. It is designed to promote a deeper understanding of the psychological portrait of a cult victim and to stimulate interdisciplinary research in the fields of law, social and clinical psychology. The practical significance lies in the development of preventive measures, intervention strategies, and support for individuals who have been exposed to destructive cults.

PSYCHOLOGICAL READINESS FOR SOLVING PROBLEMS IN THE PROCESS OF CREATIVE THINKING ACTIVITY

Tetiana Tretiak — Fri, 27 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0300

The impact of information uncertainty on the process of solving complex problems is analyzed, as well as the relationship between problem limitations and personal characteristics of the person who solves the problem. The adaptive function of the psychological readiness of the individual to solve creative problems under conditions of extremity and information uncertainty is substantiated. The system-forming role of strategy in the organization of creative thinking activity is considered. It is emphasized the importance of taking into account the interaction of the effects of personal character and the actions of environmental factors when assessing the informativeness of indicators of the cognitive component of creative potential in terms of predicting the future creative achievements of an individual. Attention is focused on the dominant role of adequately constructed semantics to ensure the effectiveness of solving vital tasks. The essence of structural, functional and structural-functional design and their resource potential in relation to the construction of relevant information structures in the process of solving problems is substantiated. The components of a person's psychological readiness for creative thinking are analyzed. Psychological features of solving creative problems by high school students are considered. Behavioral activity of an individual is interpreted as a complex construction, determined both by the form of his response to the stimuli of the surrounding world, and by creative activity aimed at solving current problem situations. The functions of actions as a means of mastering the creative tools of activity and its results are considered. Determinants of personal development of high school students and its results are analyzed, in particular, objective achievements according to the level of harassment, which determines the level of complexity of the tasks desired to be solved. It is shown that the crisis of adolescence is determined by a significant gradient of deficit of prognostically necessary information for teenagers to solve actual problems. The possibilities of forming the psychological readiness of high school students for creative thinking activity in the process of educational work in schools and extracurricular education institutions are substantiated. It is presented developed by V.O. Molako the KARUS system as a tool for solving vital problems, its adaptive, corrective and developing potential.

PERSONALITY DYNAMICS SCALE

Andrii Trotsenko — Fri, 27 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0300

The article outlines the results of developed questionnaire named Personality Dynamics Scale. The questionnaire is based on theoretical concept proposed by O.V. Mazyar. The instrument determines four types of personality: Congruent, Conform, Isolated, Psychotic. The scale with the highest score shows the dominant type of personality. The questionnaire has an additional scale that measures the level of neuroticism. It demonstrates mediator and predictive functions and is conceptually linked to basic types of personality. The sample consisted of 551 individuals (72% women, 28% men) aged 14 to 75 years from various social backgrounds (M = 28). The results of the confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated a satisfactory level of coherence between the empirical data and the theoretical model: χ² = 1229.497, χ²/df = 1.60, RMSEA = 0.033, 90% CI [0.030 ~ 0.037], CFI = 0.961, TLI = 0.958, SRMR = 0.052. The discriminant validity confirmed by HTMT criterion and is satisfactory for all scales. The Cronbach's α coefficients within each scale have the following values: Neurotic – 0.91; Congruent – 0.84; Conform – 0.72; Conflict Avoidance subscale – 0.69; Isolated – 0.83; Psychotic – 0.74. Construct reliability over time was established through a test-retest study conducted after a six-month interval (r = 0.54–0.78). External convergent validity was confirmed by relevant scales of competing questionnaires. Complete age and longitudinal measurement invariance is established. The mediator role of the neuroticism scale was identified. It mediates 2/3 of all effects in the multiple regression models. The average mediating effect is about 6%. This study presents the first development of a predictive matrix of personality types within the framework of Ukrainian psychometric research. The prediction accuracy of the model is about 64.2%. The results of the study indicated that the questionnaire demonstrates acceptable psychometric properties, ranging from satisfactory to excellent. The instrument is reliable, valid, and applicable for both research and practical purposes.

PSYCHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF UKRAINIANS’ FEARS DURING THE THIRD YEAR OF THE FULL-SCALE INVASION OF THE COUNTRY

Natalia Frolova — Fri, 27 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0300

The article presents the results of the empirical study conducted in February-April 2025 with the participation of 815 Ukrainians, which aimed to identify the specific features of the civilian population’s psychoemotional state in the third year of a full-scale invasion of the country. The characteristics of anxiety, depression, and PTSD have been analyzed based on the respondents’ fears and individual traumatic experience. A moderate level of anxiety (9.2465), mild depressive symptoms (10.8344), and moderate post-traumatic stress symptoms (29.1896) have been identified. Emotional exhaustion (69.2%), apathy (42.7%), depression (48.1%), and sleep disorders (53.1%), as well as irritability and aggression towards others (41.8%) have been found to be the most common complaints about the psycho-emotional state. Positive correlations between these complaints, at a significance level of p < .001, have been established with the indicators of anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress symptoms. The characteristics of traumatic experiences during three years of full-scale war have been analyzed, and it has been noted that “experience of living in difficult conditions (as a result of terrorist events in the country)”, “loss of loved ones and acquaintances during military events”, and “loss of work” are the most significant components of individual traumatization. “Lack of prospects for the future”, “fear of occupation”, and “fear of losing one’s job” have been determined to be the predictors of anxiety, depression, and PTSD simultaneously, which makes it possible to analyze them as factors that cause the manifestation of all three traumatic states in the civilian population. Prospects for further work are based on improving the psychological assistance program for the civilian population, taking into account the specific results obtained.

PILOT STUDY OF UKRAINIAN HISTORICAL COLLECTIVE TRAUMA DURING RUSSIAN-UKRAINIAN WAR

Olena Shust — Fri, 27 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0300

The article examines the role of collective historical trauma in Ukrainian society within the context of the ongoing Russian war against Ukraine. Historical memory forms the foundation of national identity, and for Ukraine, this identity is deeply rooted in traumatic experiences, including the losses during the Soviet era, the Holodomor, deportations, and repressions. The article explores how these historical traumas may be reactivated by new distressing events, such as war, and resurface in societal consciousness. Collective trauma, arising from genocides, political repressions, and other tragedies, leaves a profound imprint on the collective memory of the nation. Traumatic memories may be repressed from the collective consciousness but can resurface in response to new stress-inducing situations. A pilot study showed that historical trauma remains unprocessed in Ukrainian society, as there is a high level of social pain and a desire for compensation for past injustices. Additionally, the study revealed variations in the perception of historical trauma across different regions of Ukraine, shaped by differing historical experiences and memories. The results obtained could serve as a basis for further research and the search for more effective methods for healing historical trauma.

THE EFFECTS OF EARLY PROHIBITIONS ON THE EXPERESSING OF AUTHENTIC ANGER: A TRANSACTIONAL ANALYSIS PERSPECTIVE

Hanna Yavorska — Fri, 27 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0300

The article explores the problem of difficulties in expressing authentic anger, which is often interpreted as a manifestation of alexithymia but may have deeper roots in early developmental scenarios. The application of transactional analysis as a theoretical framework allows for the interpretation of anger suppression not as neuropsychological “emotional blindness”, but as the result of internal prohibitions acquired in early childhood. Particular attention is paid to Pamela Levin's model of personality development stages, according to which the «Being» stage (0–6 months) is critical for the formation of emotional safety, basic trust in the world, and the capacity for self-regulation. In cases where emotional expressions are rejected by significant adults during this period, deep-seated prohibitions on anger as a form of emotional self-expression may develop. An empirical study involving 120 respondents participating in therapy groups focused on emotional self-regulation showed that the majority of participants had a low level of alexithymia but demonstrated a high level of emotional suppression. Statistical analysis revealed a weak but significant correlation between alexithymia and emotional suppression, suggesting that difficulties in expressing anger are more often rooted not in affective deficits but in acquired internal prohibitions on emotional expression. The findings have important implications for psychotherapeutic practice, particularly in addressing early scenarios, emotional authenticity, and the development of the capacity for safe and constructive anger expression.

WORKING WITH INFORMATION SOURCES AS A FOUNDATION FOR DEVELOPING SPECIAL COMPETENCIES IN STUDENTS PURSUING A DEGREE IN PSYCHOLOGY

Inna Zahurska — Fri, 27 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0300

This article focuses on special aspects of distinguishing between various types of information sources. In particular, it is emphasized that ability to work with sources of information is a key special competence of future psychologists. Individual selection of literary sources, their critical analysis, and the ability to categorize information sources into primary (source materials) and secondary ones are essential for success in future professional activities. Both source materials and secondary information sources are crucial components in the professional training of psychology specialists. The article presents examples of tasks assigned to higher education students in the framework of compulsory educational component “Introduction into Major with Fundamentals of Professional Deontology”. These tasks serve as illustrations of analysis of the main criteria that students can use to classify a source of information as primary (source material) or secondary. Illustrative explanations of situations where the same source may be considered a primary source (source material) in one case and a secondary source in another are important for understanding special aspects of distinguishing information sources into primary and secondary is further enhanced by. Further prospects include a deeper analysis of challenges related to working with information sources, improvement, and development of new tasks in the educational component – course “Introduction into Major with Fundamentals of Professional Deontology”, that will help students to develop special competencies related to the ability to select and differentiate information sources by criterion of primacy and secondariness. Moreover, future prospects will also include construction of tasks that will help future professionals to distinguish tertiary sources from primary and secondary ones and understand the appropriateness of their use in various types of academic and scientific writing. The material in this article may be useful for future psychology professionals and all, who works with different types of information sources.

FEATURES OF MODERN TECHNOLOGIES INTEGRATION INTO THE PROFESSIONAL TRAINING FOR PSYCHOLOGY STUDENTS

Oleksandra Kravchenko, Nataliia Abramian — Fri, 27 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0300

This article explores the potential of integrating modern digital technologies into the professional training of psychology students, particularly tools such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), Virtual Reality (VR), Augmented Reality (AR), and Extended Reality (XR). The necessity of implementing these technologies is substantiated in the context of the transformation of the educational environment, the growing role of digital interaction, and the changing demands for competencies required of professionals in psychology. Special attention is given to factors influencing students' adoption of innovations, including perceived usefulness, social norms, digital readiness, and motivation to learn. The potential of AI is highlighted in the development of personalized educational programs, automated monitoring of learning progress, and the enhancement of diagnostic and analytical thinking skills. VR, AR, and XR technologies are considered as tools that allow for the simulation of complex interpersonal and clinical situations, training in emotional sensitivity and therapeutic interaction, and working with cases that are difficult or impossible to replicate in a traditional educational setting. The manuscript represents contemporary pedagogical approaches to using these technologies, including simulation-based learning, game-based psychology, and interactive modules. It presents successful practices from leading universities and provides recommendations for higher education institutions on the strategic integration of technology: infrastructure development, faculty training, creation of ethical standards, and adaptation of curricula. It is emphasized that the digital transformation of psychological education should promote the development of technological skills and the formation of a new ethical framework, values, and professional identity of future psychologists.

THE ROLE OF HOBBIES IN DEVELOPING PSYCHOLOGICAL RESILIENCE OF PERSONALITY

Vyacheslav Tashmatov, Oleksandr Gerashchenko, Anastasia Kryvorotko — Fri, 27 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0300

The article is devoted to a comprehensive analysis of the influence of the hobby on the formation of psychological stability of the individual in the conditions of modern challenges. The theoretical foundations of psychological stability and the conceptual relationship between regular hobbies and the ability of a person to resist stressful factors are investigated. Different types of hobby and their specific role in the development of components of psychological resistance are considered. The mechanisms of influence of creative, physical, intellectual and social hobbies on the formation of stressful resistance, vitality and emotional intelligence are analyzed. It is revealed that a systematic hobby activity contributes to the development of self-regulation skills, improves coping strategies and increases the overall psychological adaptability of the individual. The results of empirical studies are presented, which confirm the correlation between the presence of persistent hobbies and indicators of psychological well-being. Empirical studies show that psychological stability is not a static characteristic of the individual, but a dynamic system that is formed and developed throughout life under the influence of various internal and external factors. Methods of hobby integration into psychotherapeutic and preventive programs for the development of psychological stability of different categories of the population are proposed. Demonstrated as a hobby creates opportunities for social integration and development of maintenance interpersonal relationships that act as an external resource of psychological stability.Participation in groups of interests, clubs, communities of lovers of certain activities can satisfy the need for belonging and obtain social support, which is critical to overcome stressful situations. “Social support, which is formed in the process of joint hobbies, is a buffer against the negative effects of stress and a factor that increases the psychological resistance of the individual”. The prospects for further studies of the relationship with the hobbies with cognitive, emotional and behavioral aspects of personality stability in the context of modern psychological approaches are considered.

THEORETICAL JUSTIFICATION OF THE PSYCHOLOGICAL HEALTH HARMONIZATION PROGRAM FOR MEMBERS OF PROTESTANT COMMUNITIES IN UKRAINE (SPIRITUAL-VALUE APPROACH)

Denys Shpak — Fri, 27 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0300

The purpose of this article is to present a program for harmonizing psychological health in wartime conditions for members of Christian communities of Protestant denominations and to reveal the features of the author’s spiritual-value approach, which is the basis of the program. The psychological health harmonization program for Protestant believers living in wartime conditions in Ukraine was prepared based on the results of an empirical study of the value determination of psychological health of an individual. The case study was conducted from April 2024 to January 2025 and involved 512 respondents. The sample included representatives of various Protestant churches in Ukraine (264 people) and respondents who adhere to an atheistic worldview (248 people). As a result of the empirical study, the state of psychological health and the value-meaning sphere of members of Protestant communities, as well as the value factors of maintaining psychological health, were clarified, which became the basis for developing the author’s spiritual and value approach to the phenomenon of psychological health. There are no comprehensive programs for harmonizing psychological health for believers based on Protestant doctrine and spiritual and semantic self-regulation in Ukraine, which makes the development relevant. The target audience of the program is members of Protestant denominations. The proposed program involves a combination of scientifically based psychotherapeutic and psychocorrectional technologies with spiritual practices of faith, which corresponds to the value priorities and motivational orientation of this target group. The program is intended to become not only a means of individual healing and support, but also a tool for restoring collective mental potential, ensuring the resilience of Protestant communities in the face of the challenges of modernity.

PSYCHODYNAMIC AND SOCIOLOGICAL VIEWPOINTS OF IDENTITY FORMATION

Svitozara Bihunova — Fri, 27 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0300

The problem of identity, one of the most important issues, is discussed in two major forms – psychodynamic and sociological. These viewpoints offer contrasting but complementary insights into how identities are formed, maintained, and transformed. The psychodynamic perspective on identity is associated with psychoanalytic theory developed by Sigmund Freud and later expanded upon by Erik Erikson. In this viewpoint early relationships, particularly with primary caregivers, are seen as foundational in the formation of one’s identity. In psychodynamic view identity is often understood as the outcome of unconscious forces, early experiences, and socialization processes that shape the individual’s internal sense of self. The psychodynamic viewpoint tends to focus more on the individual’s inner world – the ways unconscious thoughts and emotions shape their behaviour and self-understanding. In contrast, the sociological perspective on identity places more emphasis on the external forces – social, cultural, and structural factors – that influence the development of identity. This viewpoint is rooted in the work of William James, George Herbert Mead and Charles Horton Cooley. The sociological view of identity is dynamic, relational, and rooted in social context. It argues that identity is shaped by interactions with others and influenced by larger social structures. Cultural norms, social roles, and group membership play significant roles in how individuals perceive themselves and are perceived by others. Both viewpoints are crucial in understanding the complexity of identity formation. While the psychodynamic perspective gives insight into personal development and internal conflicts, the sociological perspective highlights the social and relational nature of identity. Together, they provide a more comprehensive understanding of how we become who we are.

AN ALTERNATIVE APPROACH TO THE PERIODIZATION OF THE HISTORY OF PSYCHOLOGY

Oleh Maziar — Fri, 27 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0300

The periodization of the history of psychology is based on the principle of historicism, connection between the logical and the historical in addressing the problem of the fundamental psychological contradiction. The fundamental psychological contradiction is found in the nonlinear interaction of intra- and interpsychic factors of self-regulation, which, in the historical and psychological context, is objectified in the form of the dualism of the physical and psychological substances of the subject’s self-regulation. In the historical and psychological perspective, dualism takes four main forms: integrative dualism (coincides with the mythological period of psychological conceptions), disintegrative dualism (coincides with the philosophical period), parallel dualism (coincides with the philosophical period), and cross dualism (coincides with the scientific period of psychological development). Transformations of these forms of dualism are caused by corresponding crises in conceptions of mental functioning and are manifested through the inversion of the dominant factor in psychological development – either intrapsychic or interpsychic. In particular, integrative dualism is characterized by a crisis of ontological unity in the process of resolving the problem of the genesis of the psyche. Disintegrative dualism is marked by a crisis in establishing mechanisms for interpreting the elementary content of the psyche. In the context of addressing the mind-body problem, parallel dualism encounters a methodological pluralism crisis and a fundamental inability to reconcile antagonistic components of self-regulation. Crossed dualism undergoes three distinct stages of generation, changing according to a series of theoretical and methodological crises. The scientific stage in the development of psychology focuses on resolution psychophysiological issues, comes with inversion of reductionism concerning the biological and social factors of personality development.